FCC to Weigh D2D Spectrum Expansion as Operators Push Back

The US Federal Communications Commission is preparing to consider a significant expansion of spectrum access for satellite-to-device services, but the proposal is already facing opposition from the country’s three largest mobile operators.

At its 29 October meeting this week, the Commission will consider a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking that could make an additional 482 MHz of licensed spectrum available for Supplemental Coverage from Space (SCS). The proposal would also update existing rules governing satellite-to-device connectivity and the relationship between SCS and traditional Mobile Satellite Services (MSS).

However, reports have said that operators including AT&T, T-Mobile and Verizon are pushing for substantial restrictions on the proposed framework. Through wireless industry association CTIA, the operators have urged the FCC to exclude 290 MHz of mid-band spectrum across the 2.5GHz and 3.45GHz bands, representing around 60% of the proposed expansion.

The operators argue that allowing satellite constellations to use these frequencies could introduce harmful interference into existing terrestrial 5G networks. They are also calling for tighter power flux density limits to protect ground-based infrastructure from satellite transmissions.

The dispute highlights an increasingly important tension in the development of direct-to-device services. While satellite connectivity is being positioned as a complement to terrestrial networks, access to licensed mobile spectrum is also becoming a potential source of competition between satellite operators and the MNOs that currently control much of that spectrum.

With SpaceX expanding Starlink Mobile through spectrum acquisitions and a planned next-generation constellation of up to 15,000 satellites, while also exploring the development of its own terrestrial mobile network, greater access to licensed frequencies could strengthen its ability to offer higher-capacity satellite-to-phone services.

The opposition from the major US operators is notable given their own growing involvement in satellite connectivity. AT&T, T-Mobile and Verizon have been pursuing a joint approach to D2D services, reflecting their interest in expanding satellite coverage while retaining control over how it integrates with their existing mobile networks.

Alongside the 482 MHz SCS proposal, the FCC will consider a separate proceeding covering 25 MHz in the 1675–1695 MHz and 2020–2025 MHz bands. These frequencies could potentially support terrestrial wireless, satellite D2D or hybrid services, subject to future technical and licensing decisions.

Neither proceeding represents an immediate authorisation of additional satellite spectrum. This week’s meeting is expected to determine whether the FCC advances the proposed rulemakings, with public consultation and further regulatory decisions required before any final changes are adopted.